Business across the globe Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Business over the globe - Essay Example In this manner, notices through bunch media have become basic components for making mindfulness about the items. In the current occasions, the organizations are utilizing imaginative way to deal with publicize their merchandize as it gives them more noteworthy influence to arrive at bigger client section. While sponsorship of occasions have gotten tremendously appealing, other media channels, particularly eccentric method of exposure like utilization of open vehicle, road plays and so on are being utilized all the time by the organizations. The praiseworthy case of British Airways is an a valid example which has utilized underground cylinders and neighborhood trains. The delicate music that plays in the trains and underground cylinders is supported by the British Airways. In America, the train tickets and transport tickets are utilized by various organizations as promotion stage. These kinds of new channels are practical as well as ready to make mindfulness about the organization and its items across tremendous database of forthcoming clients. The wide extent of elective media has in this way, gigantic potential to infiltrate and make a trustworthy and long haul advertise position for the products and enterprises of the organizations.

Three Different Elements of a Crime

Three Different Elements of a Crime In the United States, there are explicit components of a wrongdoing that the indictment must demonstrate past a sensible uncertainty so as to acquire a conviction. Theâ three explicit components (with special case) that characterize a wrongdoing which the indictment must demonstrate past a sensible uncertainty so as to get a conviction: (1) that a wrongdoing has really occurredâ (actus reus), (2) that the charged expected the wrongdoing to occur (mens rea)â and (3) and simultaneousness of the two importance there is an opportune connection between the initial two variables. Case of the Three Elements in Context Jeff is angry with his ex, Mary, for cutting off their association. He goes to search for her and spots her eating with another man named Bill. He chooses to settle the score with Mary by setting her loft ablaze. Jeff goes to Marys loft and gives himself access, utilizing a key that Mary has requested him to give back on a few events. He at that point puts a few papers on the kitchen floor and sets them ablaze. Similarly as he is leaving, Mary and Bill enter the condo. Jeff runs off and Mary and Bill can immediately extinguish the fire. The fire didn't cause any genuine harm, anyway Jeff is captured and accused of endeavored fire related crime. The arraignment must demonstrate that a wrongdoing happened, that Jeff expected for the wrongdoing to happen, and simultaneousness for endeavored incendiarism. Understanding Actus Reus Criminal act, or actus reus, is commonly characterized as a criminal demonstration that was the aftereffect of intentional real development. A criminal demonstration can likewise happen when a litigant neglects to act (otherwise called exclusion). A criminal demonstration must happen on the grounds that individuals can't be legitimately rebuffed as a result of their considerations or goals. Likewise, referencing the Eighth Amendment Ban on Cruel and Unusual Punishment, violations can't be characterized by status.â Instances of automatic acts, as portrayed by the Model Penal Code, include: A reflex or convulsion;A real development during obviousness or sleep;Conduct during trance or coming about because of mesmerizing suggestion;A real development that in any case isn't a result of the exertion or assurance of the entertainer, either cognizant or habitual.â Case of an Involuntary Act Jules Lowe of Manchester, England, was captured and accused of the homicide of his 83-year-old dad Edward Lowe was mercilessly beaten and discovered dead in his carport. During the preliminary, Lowe confessed to murdering his dad, but since he experienced sleepwalking (otherwise called automatism), he didn't recall submitting the act.â Lowe, who imparted a house to his dad, had a past filled with sleepwalking, had never been known to show any brutality towards his dad and had an amazing connection with his dad. Resistance legal advisors likewise had Lowe tried by rest specialists who gave declaration at his preliminary that, in view of the tests, Lowe experienced sleepwalking. The barrier presumed that the homicide of his dad was an aftereffect of crazy automatism, and that he could no be considered legitimately answerable for the homicide. The jury concurred and Lowe was sent to a mental emergency clinic where he was treated for 10 months and afterward discharged. Case of a Voluntary Act Resulting in a Non-Voluntary Act Melinda chose to celebrate in the wake of getting an advancement at work. She went to her companions house where she went through a few hours drinking wine and smoking engineered weed. At the point when the time has come to return home, Melinda, in spite of fights from companions, concluded she was alright to drive herself home. During the commute home she dropped in the driver's seat. While dropped, her vehicle slammed into an approaching vehicle, bringing about the demise of the driver.â Melinda willfully drank, smoked the manufactured cannabis, and afterward chose to drive her vehicle. The crash that brought about the demise of the other driver happened when Melinda was dropped, yet she was dropped because of choices she intentionally made before dropping and would thusly be discovered at fault for the passing of the individual driving the vehicle she slammed into while dropped. Oversight Oversight is another type of actus reus and is the demonstration of neglecting to make a move that would have forestalled injury to someone else. Criminal carelessness is additionally a type of actus reus.â An oversight could be neglecting to caution others that they could be in peril in light of something that you did, inability to an individual left in your consideration, or not inability to finish your work appropriately which brought about an accident.â (Source: U.S.Courts - District of Idaho)

Sample on The Role of Social Media in Business

Sample on The Role of Social Media in Business The Role of Social Media in Business Feb 4, 2019 in Business Introduction Engdahl (168) defines social media as mobile-based and web-based technologies that allow interactive communication through the internet. In this information age, social media has become an integral part of peoples daily life across the globe. In contrast with the conventional media such as radio, television and print, the social one extends beyond mere information and ideas sharing. Regardless of the fact that social media is a relatively new phenomenon; it is increasingly becoming an essential component of a firms marketing and customer base development platform. Bosari (no pag.) reports that 94% of firms which have marketing department use the social media as the vital component for their marketing platform. In addition, 85% of all firms own a dedicated media platform, which acts as an integral component of their marketing approaches; such firms have reported increased market exposure. With social media increasingly becoming embraced by people, businesses are taking advantage of th is trend and incorporating it in their business-level and corporate-level strategies However, there is a number of challenges and concerns associated with the use of it by business organizations. This paper discusses the issues underpinning the role of social media in business at global and societal level, and any other ethical and contemporary problems arising from the same.

Results of Advancements in Technology Essay - 811 Words

In today’s society, modern technology is evidently developing rapidly and it is portrayed as a negative impact. It can be seen that technology is a substitution of all characteristics of life. The purpose of every technological invention is to benefit the lives of mankind; thus re-enforcing the positive connotation of technology. However, in long term it may not be beneficial; such as, education, work and leisure are all becoming dependent on technology; cyberspace is dangerous and child obesity is increasing. Education, work and leisure are all progressively becoming dependent on being able to interact with technology. In society today, technology is appreciated and considered to be a valuable addition to civilization. It affects the†¦show more content†¦Though, it can be an advantage for the society, but it is demolishing traditions in the long run. This is evident that technology id suppressing a negative impact to the society. Cyberspace is a non-physical environment created by computers interoperating on a network. People can interact in ways that are similar to reality, but does not require physical movement beyond typing. Advanced technology established this parallel world, ‘cyberspace’. This can be convenient for people to chat, shop, share, explore or research online, but it can also be a disadvantage at the same time. The prime examples of the disadvantages are, people are able to create fake, imaginative identities and use it to abuse others and this can lead to serious issues, such as sexual abuse or child grooming; and since, the Internet can be recognised as a parallel world to reality, this discourages people to have face-to-face human interaction. Consequently, cyberspace can be harmful to all people, because there are hardly any restrictions on the Internet. Technology inaugurated this and it is having an inimical influence on the majority of people who have access to the Interne t on a daily basis. This modern society has, without a doubt, adapted to technology; which makes it difficult to visualise life with anything technological. This significantly influences children in a negative impact, seeing as technology takes up of allShow MoreRelatedEffects of Technological Advancements on Health976 Words   |  4 PagesTechnology: Effects of Technological Advancements on Health â€Å"Estimated 7–10 billion medical tests are performed each year. Test results play a critical role in health assessment, influencing the majority of medical decisions.† (Hyattsville 2) Ever since the 1800s, scientists have been able to look and study different diseases to find ways to cure people. Scientists create new technological advancements to fight these diseases. Ever since then the race to create technological advancements startedRead MoreIf There Is Technological Advance Without Social Advance, There Is, Almost Automatically, an Increase in Human Misery.874 Words   |  4 PagesOver the past century technology has advanced greatly without a doubt. The three main advancements in technology has improved mechanics, weapons and science in the nature of research and techniques used within the NHS today. From these given examples, the advantages are obvious. It increases the speed capacity of day to day life and it allows the human race to have the freedom of choice against nature. However, the human misery caused behind these examples include, the causation of human lazinessRead MoreScience Is A Division Of Health Care1670 Words   |  7 Pagesso much more. These tests are completed using large devices that will take scans of your body, sometimes with the help of dyes and gamma rays. All of the machines are different, but have one thing in common: they all use technology! A recent advancement in X-Ray is that technology has been made to make the machines portable. This makes it more convenient for both patients and healthcare workers because the patient can simply stay in one location. The machine itself costs around $20,000 and are veryRead MoreTechnology Plays A Important Role Of Today s Globalized World Essay1037 Words   |  5 PagesCourse – CPSC 101 November 3, 2016 Technology plays a very crucial role in today’s globalized world. In actual, technology is that which make our lives much easier by advancements. As we know that modern era is known as the world of globalization in which the whole world is connected to one another by networking sites. This is the major advancement in the technology that every single city or every nation is connected with each other by the network. Technology is first and foremost thing which isRead More Advancements in Medical Technology Essay1069 Words   |  5 PagesAdvancements in Medical Technology Advancements in technology, especially advancements in computers, have caused a major impact on today’s society.â€Å"More specifically, profound effect on modern day medicine.†[instruct.lanagara.ba.ca 1.] [1] It has changed almost every aspect of the medical field, from the instruments used to the medicines prescribed to the operations preformed.â€Å"New technologies allow healthcare professionals to save people they never could have saved before.†[collegeview.comRead MoreThe Importance Of Technology1088 Words   |  5 PagesThe advancement of technology can bring about many helpful changes that propel humanity into the future and can help better millions of lives throughout the world. However, technology can also be used in evil ways such as fighting wars, which results in a massive loss of life. Three of these technologies or ways of modern thinking are the factory machines in the gilded age, airplanes and naval advancements in World War 1 and beyond, and th e crazy modern thinking that lead to these machines. OneRead MoreHealthcare Has Changed over the Past 10 Years with the Help of Technology.1220 Words   |  5 PagesHealthcare has changed over the past 10 years with the help of technology. Healthcare has changed a lot in the past 20 years. People now live on average at least ten years longer than they did in 1989, and medical advances have brought many breakthroughs and improvements in patient care. One of the main and most significant changes to healthcare over the past years have been the expansion in technology. Advancements in technology, especially in computers, have caused a major impact on today’sRead MoreCommunication Technology Is An Intrinsic Part Of Our Lives1231 Words   |  5 Pages Technology has become an intrinsic part of our lives, we have become dependent on it. It can be said that we cannot survive without it. The electronics that the advancement in communication and network technology has provided us with has become a part of our bodies. The obvious effects of these advancements can surely be seen in our society today. Human relationships have changed quite a bit. The way people interact and behave was affected as well. Not only that but also the perception ofRead Moretechnology has advanced ultrasound1186 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿ Austin Smith Technology has advanced Ultrasound Waukesha County Technical College 12/3/13 Table of Contents Abstract†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..page 3 Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦page 4 3d/4D imaging†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦page 4 Pure Wave Transducer†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦page 5 Color Doppler†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.page 6 Point-of-Care†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..page 6 Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..page 7 Reference page†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦page 8 Abstract Read MoreThe Effects Of New Technology On The Agricultural Sector Of Dairy Farming Essay1277 Words   |  6 Pagespresented with a ‘world first’ robotic device that is said to revolutionize the milking industry process, addressed to Associate Professor Bridges. Technological advancement has transformative effects within the agricultural sector of dairy farming in New Zealand. This review will be looking specifically at the effects of new technology which could revolutionise milking on dairy farms through the use of robots milking cows in situ in the paddocks. To explore the change issues related to this, this

Business And Human Rights The Evolving International...

Article Reflection and Case Summary 2 Tong, Yiran (Nina) #3480572 University of New Brunswick, Saint John MBA 7102 Deryk Stec Jan 29, 2015 Article Reflections Business and Human Rights: The Evolving International Agenda by John Gerard Ruggie Summary and background This paper analyzes the development of human rights and business in an international view, states the factual issues, and provides strategies to improve the existing realities. The article explains the conceptual challenges to let readers know the basic foundation of international human rights, such as globalization, global value chains, transnational corporate networks, duties and rights. Important Features and Reflections Corporate Responsibility for International†¦show more content†¦Different Perspectives Individuals and corporations have different perspectives and standards. Some of the standards are contrary, so the government and relevant corporations can act the bridge between individuals and corporations. The national legal system gives criminal punishment and limitations for companies’ actions. Rights and Duties A corporation is an independent entity created through a legal process. A group of people put their capital together and incorporate a company in which they subsequently own shares. The shareholders and the corporation are separate entities, each having its own rights and duties. General rights and duties exist that apply to all corporations. However, there are also specific legal obligations that depend on whether the corporation is publicly or privately held. Corporations have a right to own, rent, hire or lease property and where applicable to sell it. One of the duties of a corporation is to pay tax, since it is engaged in profit-making activities. Society needs successful businesses, but today business is taking over society. The unfettered rise of corporate power that presents the biggest threat to free markets, and to the ability of free markets to promote individual freedom, equality before the law and equitable prosperity. Limited liability means power without responsibility and it is spreading fast. Originally a privilege only of publicly-quoted corporations, it has recently been extended to partnerships

New Jersey Free Essays

string(89) " dark rocks known as ‘trap rock’ that was formed during the earlier geological ages\." New Jersey (NJ) is one of the states in the US that forms a transition between the states of the north and the south.   It exhibits characteristics in the physical geography and intermingling of various cultures of the US.   It is one of the largest states in the US and has a multiethnic community. We will write a custom essay sample on New Jersey or any similar topic only for you Order Now    It has acted as a support home to several of its densely populated neighborhood.   The community present in NJ is highly urbanized and is the second most densely populated state after California. NJ remains to be one of the most densely populated states in the US.   All the 21 counties that belong to the NJ state are classified as ‘metropolitan’.   The density of the population has been about 1100 per square miles, compared to the nation average of about 79 per square mile (in 2000). The state concentrates on farming in some regions and for this reason it is frequently known as ‘the Garden State’.   As early as the 17th century, farming was considered important due to the agricultural potential of the soil.   In the Northwestern parts and the southern regions, the areas are sparsely populated due to the presence of mountains and tidelands in these region.   Typically, New Jersey appears S-Shaped on the map (the upper limb is formed by the Appalachian highlands and the Piedmont plains, and the lower limb of the ‘S’ is formed by the Coastal plains) (Stansfied. 1998, Swartz Stansfield. 2007 US Census. 2007). The land between the Hudson and the Delaware River is termed as ‘New Jersey State†.   There are three unique characteristics of NJ.   It is made up of a multi-ethnic community belonging to various races and ethnic groups.   The second unique characteristics are that it has an orientation of both the metropolitan cities that it neighbors.   Thirdly, people feel the NJ economy is based on the ability to reach the metropolitan cities, which it neighbors.   I do feel that initially NJ State was much of a transition state, offering a place for people of various cultures and ethnic background to intermingle. There has also been a climatic transition between the northern and the southern US, and this has had an effect on the economy and the social life of the state.   The characteristics of NJ is somewhere between New York and New England (considering weather and geographical features).   The state houses some of the features that seem to intermingle with these two other states.   The Geology of NJ consists of the oldest rocks in the Appalachian and Piedmont regions and recent sediments in the southeastern regions.   The state of NJ hence shows a transition, as two different types of geological characteristics are present.   Besides, it has water sources concentrated in certain areas, whereas in other areas; the ground water is deep, leading to water problems (Stansfield. 1998). NJ has an area of about 7, 200 square miles.   On the other hand, the area of the US is about 3, 500, 000 square miles.   It has an inland water area of about 1, 026 square kilometers.   NJ State has a greatest inland length of about 166 miles, and the greatest inland breath of about 75 miles.   More than 125 miles is actually coastline (Swartz Stansfield. 2007, Murray et al. 2007 Stansfield. 1998). One of the physical characteristics of NJ State is that it is surrounded by water in all areas except the northern border, where it contacts New York State for about 80 kilometers or is about 12 % of the State’s land.   NJ belongs to the middle Atlantic region of the US and lies along the eastern coast.   The Hudson River runs along its border in the northeastern regions.   Pennsylvania lies along its western border.   The Delaware Bay and the Delaware River separate NJ from Delaware State in the southern and the southwest regions. The largest city in NJ is Newark, and its capital is Trenton.   Newark is one of the most important cities in NJ.   From here people can easily travel to New York using the river ferry or the railroad.   Trenton is located on the eastern side of the Delaware River.   It houses several government and civil quarters for the NJ State.   About 10 miles from Trenton is the town of Princeton that houses a major university in NJ. The Northern portion of the state contains the Appalachian Highlands and the entire northern regions contain mountains, ridges, streams and lakes.   This region is often known as ‘the New Appalachians’.   One of the prominent sandstone ridges present in the northeast is Kittatinny Mountains. This ridge contains the Delaware River (in the Delaware water gap).   The highest elevation present in the state is the Kittatinny Mountain that is at a height of 550 meters, present in a few kilometers with the border with New York State.   The average elevation of the state is 80 meters (Swartz Stansfield. 2007, Murray et al. 2007, Stansfield. 1998). In the Southeast of Appalachian Highlands, the Triassic lowlands and the Piedmont plains are present (the Piedmont plains lie to the east of the NJ Highlands).   It occupies about 20 % of the entire NJ area.   This extends from the Northeastern border and includes all the major cities such as Trenton.   From the Hudson region, ancient rock ridges extent, which break the monotony of the lowlands.   Between the highlands and the lowlands of NJ lies a valley that is highly populated.   This valley is underlain with limestone and sandstone, which is bright red in color. The other stones that are present in this region include conglomerates, shale, igneous stones, etc.   These parts of NJ State contain older rock system compared to the coastal plains.   The valley is located at a height of 120 to 150 meters and can be routed from the Hudson River, all the way to Alabama.   The termination portion of the Piedmont plains in the Hudson region is known as ‘the Palisades’, and is made of trap rock (Cloister Hill).   The Piedmont is about 30 kilometers wide. The valley also contains dark rocks known as ‘trap rock’ that was formed during the earlier geological ages. You read "New Jersey" in category "Essay examples"   This rock offers a wonderful arena for waterfalls in the region.   The sandstone in several areas has eroded and now appears as prominent ridges.   Some of the prominent mountains found in the Piedmont Highlands are the Watchung and the Sourland mountains.   The Piedmont lowlands or the â€Å"Newark Basin† forms the area where most of the major cities are located.   Through this region access to New York and New Jersey could be made.   In this region, three of the major rivers drain, namely, the Raritan River, the Passaic River and the Hackensack River (Swartz Stansfield. 2007). The NJ Highlands is also known as â€Å"New England Upland†, as it is geologically similar to New England.   It contains several lakes of great tourist interest.   These include Greenwood Lake, Lake Hopatcong, Culvers Lake and Green Pond Lake.   The NJ Highlands occupies about 12 % of the entire NJ area.   The ridges formed in these regions are made up of an old rock known as ‘gneiss’.   The Musconetcong and Pequest River are formed in this area (Murray et al. 2007, Stansfield. 1998). The Atlantic Coastal Plain, from the southeast to the coastal areas, occupies about 60 % of NJ area.   It has one of the world’s largest chains of sandy barrier islands, which are continuous.   It appears wedge shaped, which is thickest in the east-southeast region and thinnest in the center.   It has two portions, namely, the inner plain and the outer coastal plain.   The inner coastal plain or the â€Å"Greensand Belt† is located near the Piedmont area and has a size of 40 kilometers. Many orchards and agricultural homes are located in this region as the soil is very fertile and conducive to agriculture.   On the other hand, the land present in the outer coastal plain is very infertile and not very conducive to agricultural activities.   It forms the western rim of the NJ state and area where it meets with the ocean.   The outer coastal plain contains several hills, which are not more than 60 meters in height.   The outer coastal plain also forms several beaches, lagoons and marshes.   Several islands are located off the coast of NJ, some of which are inhabited and form popular tourist destinations. The ocean currents and the tides have an effect on the offshore islands and the coasts of New Jersey State. On several occasions tidal waves have had an effect on the New Jersey Coast.   In southern parts of NJ, the coastal plains contain high amounts of scrub oak and pine trees.   Several cranberry and blueberry plantation are located in several areas of the outer coast.   The Pine Barren is some of the vast forests located in the outer coastal plains.   A few settlements of people and rivers are also located.   Many a times, the Pine Barrens of NJ seems to be a source for forest fires. The number of fires that have occurred since the 1940’s is about 1100.   About 8, 000 hectares is usually burnt every year through wild forest fires, much less than the 22, 000 that existed before the forest department began to use effective means of reducing these fires.   Most of the fires occur during the dry months of January to September periods.   Many of the important resorts and spas are located in the coastal plains.   The islands present close to the coast make harbor construction difficult. Many ships have met with accidents along the NJ coast due to the rough ocean currents and the shallow waters.   However, sheltered waterways are located which help to provide some relief for ships.   Portions of the NJ coast even have offshore sandbars and barrier beaches.   In parts of the northern NJ coast, the coastline is severely eroded (Swartz Stansfield. 2007, Stansfield. 1998 Forman et al. 1981). The islands, beaches, sandpits, etc, present along the NJ coast, are one of the longest chain in the world.   They run from the Texas region all the way up to the New York’s long island.   The islands of NJ coast seem to be dynamic in nature.   The ocean currents, tides, winds, waves, etc, have a dynamic effect on the NJ shoreline.   Many of the estuaries located off the coast of New Jersey form important beds for natural oyster shelters and oyster cultivation.   Several factors do favor the growth of oysters in the seabed including the tidal currents, the prevailing tides, eddies, prevailing winds (their force and direction), etc.   The larvae of oysters can help in regulating their own populations by rising and settling in the tidal currents.   In the NJ estuaries, the larvae do rise and settle in the tidal currents thus having potential to grow and develop along the coastal waters (Carriker. 1951 Stansfield. 1998). NJ State enjoys an extreme type of climate, with summers being warm and winters cold.   To the west of NJ, lies a huge landmass, which causes an extreme type of climate during winter and summer.   The climate is produced as a result of its latitude (located halfway between the equator and the North Pole), thus in a position to produce distinct seasons.   The distance from the season and the height above sea level also has a role to play in the development of climate of NJ.   During the summer, the moist tropical winds bring in hot air causing temperatures to rise and humid conditions to exist.   During winter, the continental winds bring in freezing temperatures and causing snowfall in several regions. The sea tends to retain the heat for greater amount of time during the day.   Hence during the night, the sea breezes tend to cool the land.   During the day, there is a strong sea breeze, which tends to cool the land.   The average rainfall received by the state is more than 1000 per annum.   The southwest regions of the state receive lower rainfall compared to other regions.   In January, the average temperature in NJ State is about 1 degree centigrade and in July, one of the hottest months, the average temperature is about 23 degrees centigrade.   However, extreme temperature have also been recorded, suggesting that at times the temperature can rise or fall to varying degrees.   In the winter of 1904, the temperature once dipped to – 37 degree and in the summer of 1936, the temperature once rose to 43 degrees. Due to the extremes of temperatures recorded in the Piedmont regions, seedlings do not become established within a year.   They begin to get established after two or more years.   Trees tend to invade areas occupied by herbs and shrubs.   During winter, the free-thaw cycles occur which hinders the establishment of the tree seedlings.   In portion of the Northwestern regions of the state, seasons last for about three to four months.   However, in some of the southwestern regions, the seasons last for about 8 months. Towards, the coastline, the climates tend to be less of an extreme.   Hence, during summer, these places stay cooler than those inlands, and in winter they tend to stay warmer.   Many people consider the NJ climate to be variable during various seasons of the year (Swartz Stansfield. 2007, Stansfield. 1998 Buell. 1971). Thus, I do feel that NJ State offers variables in terms of geography, climate and landforms, compared to any other parts of the world.   This has caused a diverse flora and fauna to exist in the region.   Besides, it also forms a home to many people who would like to visit New York and the Philadelphia region.   This has resulted in the population of NJ to be high compared to the other parts of the US. References: C. A. Stansfield. A Geography of New Jersey. 2nd Ed. Rutgers University Press, 1998.   Hugh Murray, William Wallace, Robert Jameson et al. The Encyclopà ¦dia of Geography: Comprising a Complete Description of the Earth.. New York: Carey, Lea and Blanchard, 2007. M. F. Buell, H. F. Buell, J. A. Small, â€Å"Invasion of Trees in Secondary Succession on the New Jersey Piedmont.† Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club, 98.2 (1971). M. R. Carriker â€Å"Ecological Observations on the Distribution of Oyster Larvae in New Jersey Estuaries.† Ecological Monographs, 21.1 (1951). R. T. T. Forman R. E. Boerner â€Å"Fire Frequency and the Pine Barrens of New Jersey.† Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club. 108.1 (1951). Swartz, J. Stansfield, C. A. â€Å"New Jersey.† Microsoft Encarta. 2007.   3 Nov. 2007: http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761559873/New_Jersey.html US Census Bureau. New Jersey. US Census Bureau. 2007. 3 Nov. 2007 How to cite New Jersey, Essay examples New Jersey Free Essays The governor of the State of New Jersey is Jon Corzine. He is a Democrat and has been the governor since he took office on January 17, 2006.   The Governor of New Jersey is one of the most powerful governors in the nation. We will write a custom essay sample on New Jersey or any similar topic only for you Order Now    This is due in part, to the fact that it is the only state wide and non-federal elected office in the state.   The governor, under the rights given to him by the state constitution, appoints the entire cabinet which is subject to confirmation by the New Jersey Senate. Governor Corzine, a Democrat, took office after his predecessor James McGreevy was forced to resign after he admitted to having an adulterous affair and felt political and personal pressure to resign. On Election Day 2005, the governor was stripped of some of his powers as the citizens of New Jersey voted in favor of adding an amendment to the state constitution that creates the position of Lieutenant Governor which will become effective after the 2009 election. The power that the governor possesses comes from the state constitution of which that power comes directly from the people. The current constitution was ratified in 1947. New Jersey’s Governor Jon Corzine was born on January 1, 1947 in central Illinois.   He graduated from the University of Illinois at Champaign and went into the army where he stayed from 1969-1975. Governor’s keen business and fiscal talents comes from his decades working in various investment firms. â€Å"In 1975, Governor Corzine was recruited by Goldman Sachs, the New York investment firm. He left Goldman Sachs in May 1999 after successfully converting the investment firm from a private partnership to a public company. Also in 1997, Governor Corzine was the chairman of a presidential commission to study capital budgeting as a means of increasing federal investment in schools, technology, and infrastructure.† (www.state.nj.us) This background is important in knowing what type of governor he is and that he will not hesitate to move away from his party’s overall consensus when it comes to the task of balancing the budget. (as seen in the 2006 government shutdown). In 2005, after more than four years in the U.S. Senate for the state of New Jersey, Jon Corzine announced his candidacy for the governor of New Jersey. â€Å"Corzine won his campaign for the post of Governor of New Jersey with 54% of the vote. Republican nominee Doug Forrester, a businessman and a former Mayor of West Windsor Township, in Mercer County, won 43%. Corzine received 1,224,493 votes to Forrester’s 985,235. A total of 80,277 votes, or 3%, were scattered among other candidates.† (wikipedia) The governor is directly elected by the people of his state. The governor performs the executive functions of the state, and is not directly subordinate to the federal authorities. The governor assumes additional roles, such as being the Commander-in-Chief of the New Jersey National Guard forces as well as appointing members of his cabinet, judges and having the responsibility of presenting a budget that needs to be accepted by July 1 of the previous year. The election of Governor of New Jersey is much more important and has wider ramifications that say the election of governor for the state of Illinois for example. The main reason for this is that a vote for a gubernatorial candidate is also a vote for all which he is likely to appoint in his cabinet whereas such candidates for State Treasurer, Comptroller and State’s Attorney in the State of Illinois for example, are elected through a direct vote by its citizens. The Attorney General, State Treasurer, Comptroller and the Head of Education, to list a few, were all appointed by either Governor Corzine or his predecessors. As I am not a lifelong citizen of New Jersey but instead spent some of my adolescence in Illinois where its citizens had the right to vote for the candidates of these positions, it seems foreign to me that a governor would have so much power to appoint so many important positions. New Jersey’s state constitution seems to be giving a free pass to the spoils system that was fought so hard against in the 19th century in this country. The ugly side of political graft has plagued the entire democratic process in this country and has taken the people’s voice out of the democratic process. The governor should not have the right to appoint New Jersey’s State Treasurer, Attorney General or any other highly important positions in the state’s government unless that seat is vacated in the middle of a term due to an emergency. Doing otherwise takes the voice away from the people who have the right to vote for these positions.   Also, failing to do so, helps breed partisanship within the governor’s cabinet since a Democrat is more likely to appoint all Democrats as well as a Republican’s inclination to do the same. If a governor’s cabinet is to be all Democrat, all Republican, or a mixture of both, it should be up to the more than eight million residents of New Jersey and not a single man! This same ideology needs to be enacted regarding the governor’s ability to appoint judges. In Illinois, judges are appointed by the people. Isn’t that what ought to happen in a democracy, at least on the state and local level? I would even be in favor of the appointment of judges being the responsibility of the state legislature instead of the governor alone as a lesser evil. Currently, it seems to be a one party system in New Jersey and with New Jersey being one of the most diverse states in the country: Diverse by way of racial, religious and political affiliation, such a setup seems to be disadvantageous towards the goal of complete representation of New Jersey’s citizens. This high level of diversity should be representative from the governor on down but sadly it is not. This is not to blame the governor for he/she is inclined to appoint members of their own party. What is alarming is the number of appointments the governor of New Jersey is allowed to make under the current state constitution. The role of the governor is not only to appoint a cabinet but to submit a budget for the upcoming fiscal year.   The deadline to do this in July 1st. Incidentally, that was the same date as the start of New Jersey’s only government shutdown in the year 2006.   The New Jersey Constitution states under Article VIII that a state’s expenses for the year be provided for â€Å"in a single budget act.† The constitution also specifics a provision stating preventive measures against going into debt. A start to New Jersey’s troubles was ignoring this sound advice. Governor Corzine, in an attempt to pass his budget, came into conflict with fellow Democrats within the General Assembly.   The main point of contention was the Assembly’s refusal to increase the state tax from 6% to 7% in order to fill the budget gap. Corzine stated that there was no other way in coming up with the money as the state’s constitution forbade other forms of revenue. Months before the shutdown, Corzine states that he would not accept a budget that did not include a tax increase and he stood firm in this conviction and the General Assembly did the same which eventually resulted in the shutdown. When the budget failed to pass, the shutdown occurred. This resulted in 45,000 workers being told that they were non-essential and would have to stay home for an indefinite period of time. The shutdown lasted only a week but thousands of workers were affected by this shutdown.   Even though it seems more to be the cause of the legislature’s inability to act regarding the needed passing of the budget before the deadline, should a governor have the right to shut down the state government?   This is a hard question to answer and one that requires a bipartisan dissection of the problem in the long term and not just with the current players in my state’s administration. It seems that the power that the governor has in appointing judges, his cabinet and in shutting down the government is not his own but is a right given him by the state constitution. In the state legislature’s present state: fiscal irresponsibility, political corruption and a general disconnect by the state legislature from its citizens, it seems that the governor really had no choice but to use the authority at his disposal to help get the state back on track and to be held accountable for presenting a responsible budget to the people. But the more important issue is that a stoppage should never have occurred and therefore, Governor Corzine would not have been in the position to contemplate the need for a government shutdown. One really does roll the dice when voting for the governor of New Jersey.   Will he keep his political promises? Will he appoint members of his cabinet and judges that are concerned only with their responsibilities? Will there be any attempt at a bipartisan cabinet? And if the governor is not of the same political party and/or the same ideology as myself, then I can rest assured that my voice and my vote will have only a fraction of its effectiveness if I were in Illinois or any other state where the â€Å"elected officials† are just that-elected by the people to represent them. Also, the governor’s additional authority to appoint judges makes it even more likely that an atmosphere of partisanship will permeate New Jersey politics. There has been a great deal of talk about â€Å"activist judges.† I do feel that with judges being human beings and unable to be 100% impartial 100% of the time, the political party of a judge is something to consider and the likelihood that a Democrat governor will likely nominate likeminded judges and Republicans will do the same, results in a is a lack of stability in not only the state legislature but also in the way that laws and cases are decided. The possibility of a complete overhaul concerning the ideology of my state as a result of the governor’s power and a different political party possibly taking control every four years is something, I feel does not resemble a true democracy but instead serves as an impediment to the expectation that a person’s voice will be heard. Our governor, regardless of whether or not we are in agreement, has more political power than he ought to. Our founding fathers were weary of a political system that garnishes absolute power to its representatives and believed that absolute power corrupted. In the end, the power rests with the people and not until New Jersey has the displeasure of electing a governor who takes full advantage of the rights given to him by the present state constitution and uses it for sinister motives as did Huey Long in 1930’s Louisiana, will any of the needed change happen. WORKS CITED www.ngs.org (National Governor’s Association)   www.naag.org (National Association of Attorneys General) www.wikipedia.com www.state.nj.us/governor/about How to cite New Jersey, Essay examples

Goal Concepts In Personality And Social -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Goal Concepts In Personality And Social Psychology? Answer: Introducation Organisational behaviour is believed to be the study of the behaviours of the human beings in organisational settings (Robbins, Judge Campbell, 2014). The individuals are studied and observed to understand the manner in which they can fit in the organisational profile. In this regard, it can be said that the personality of employees plays a major role in the effective work performance. The personality of an individual helps in determining the level of attitude they possess and the manner in which this trait can help an operations to succeed. The essay highlights the concept and the types of personality that exists among human beings. The application of these traits in the organisational setting and the effective results it has on an organisation is highlighted in the essay. According to Revelle (2017), personality is a set of habits, behaviours and emotions that an individual derives either from the birth or from the society. Debates about the adoption of personality trait are a mystery as scholars argue with the proper origin of the trait. It has been established that personality of an employee exists due to the motivational factors that are provided together with the psychological interactions that individuals have with the environment (Cleckley, 2016). Some of the greatest scholars have attempted to identify the factors and explain the tendency behind the differences in the behaviour of people. In this regard, several models have been developed to understand the personality traits and access its implications in the organisational context. The personality of individuals varies from people to people depending upon the manner in which people respond to situations. As per the continuing debate, the origin of the trait cannot be justified. However, the types can be identified distinctly and people tend to categorise an individual based on the types. According to Wood et al., (2016), sixteen personality types can be easily identified that provides organisations with an opportunity to segregate the workforce of an individual. These sixteen personality types are: One of the personality types that an individual may acquire is that of the inspector. In this case, an individual depends upon traditions and old school values rather than the modern way of doing work. These people tend to remain calm, quiet and upright about their personalities. In an organisational setting, these individuals contribute by working hard and following every rules and regulation. They honour the social and cultural responsibilities provided to them for the betterment of an organisation. Apart from this, there is also the counsellor that is more visionary and indulges in providing creative ideas. According to Beck, Davis and Freeman (2015), in the modern world, people possessing this type of personality are sought after due to the freshness of ideas that they provide to the organisation. The mastermind is another personality type that likes to work alone than in a group. The contribution made by these people is the fact that they question every action and proceed with caution before indulging in any activity. The giver tends to live in an imaginary world than the real world. They predict the future and make preparations based on the foreseeing of the future. The craftsman provides an organisation with spontaneous decisions marketing. Despite knowing them well, people cannot anticipate the reactions that might be provided by them (Cervone Pervin, 2015). On the other hand, the provider personality type tends to interact with people and make them popular among others. These people can help organisations to organise social events for the benefit of the company. The idealist personality type is people that prefer to keep their personal life a secret. They do not talk much and think about the situations that occur around them. These people can gain a proper insight into the working of an organisation and can contribute to finding the deeper meaning of life. Pervin (2015) stated that the performer personality type is the people that like to gain the spotlight. They can be considered as future leaders in an organisation as these people enjoy being the centre of attraction. The champion personality type suits people that are thoughtful and perceptive. They contribute to an organisation by creating new methods, habits and ideas. This can help organisations to come with new and innovative ideas for success. The doer personality type requires social interaction along with feelings and emotions. These people contribute to an organisation by implementing practical skills rather than theoretical knowledge. However, they tend to take on the activity without properly understanding the situations and more often than not end up solving the mistakes. On the other hand, the supervisor, are organised workers that dedicate their experience for the betterment of an organisation. They are more autocratic in nature and believe that the decisions taken by them are right in every way. The commander deals with situations logically and is considered to be natural leaders. According to Coccia (2014), these people can also be considered as leaders of an organisation in the future. The thinker personality type provides excellent analysis and logic to the works of an organisation. The follow the patterns and avoid practical activities. The nurturer provides an organisation with a sense of generosity. These types of people tend to be sensitive and encourage people to bring out the best in them. The visionary personality people can discuss facts and theories in details. They do not indulge in social life and provide a logical, rational and logical approach. The composer is more opposite to the visionaries as despite being introverts they like to connect with people. They believe in living in the present and being spontaneous. In the opinion of Robbins, Millett Waters-Marsh (2014) the most common personality model that is used effectively is the Big Five personality trait. It is also known as the Five Factor Model (FFM) in which relationships are developed between some of the types of personality. The factors that are used in order to analyse the personality of the individuals have been provided with an acronym called OCEAN that is related to the first letters of the factors. For example, the openness to experience can help an individual to be independent and imaginative. They pursue the self-actualization needs above everything else. The conscientiousness nature provides a tendency to be organised in the work. They can be stubborn and at the same time unreliable depending on the level of conscientiousness (Buss Plomin, 2014). The extraversion trait highlights the level of interaction and energy that a person possesses to be successful in the business. Agreeableness indicates the extent to which people are willing to accept the mistakes and agree with others by trusting them and being supportive of them. The neuroticism analyses the emotional stability of individuals. Based on the model and personality type, an example can be considered that highlights the success endured by an organisation due to the personality trait of an individual. The example of Steve Jobs can be considered as he showed great personality trait in setting up one of the most successful organisations in the modern day. According to Clark and Vanderbleek (2016) Robbins (2017), the relationship that exists among the factors of the Big Five model can be clearly seen in the personality of Steve Jobs. The fact that he was an appreciation of art contributed to the development of MAC computers that could communicate with people. At the same time, the tendency showed by him to remain organised helped in the growth of the organisation from a small garage behind a house. The stubbornness and the obsession showed by Jobs indicate the passion he had in seeing his work gain success. Apart from this Steve Jobs also sought attention and reflected on the limitations that he had for the initial failure of the designs. This indicates that he is an extrovert person with energy to grow continuously in the competitive world. The cooperative and the compassionate nature showed by Jobs was the factor that led to the growth of Apple and the fact that the organisation is currently run by over 123,000 employees. The emotional stability shown by Jobs is another reason for his success. Despite the initial failure, Steve Jobs did not show any vulnerability and continued with the expansion of the company. Thus, it can be concluded that personality plays an important role for employees to get their desired jobs. The manner in which, organisations delegate tasks to employees are depended on the psychology types of the individuals. The application of the Big Five model helps in understanding the connectivity that exists among the personality traits. The success story of Steve Jobs can be considered as inspiring as it highlights the achievement of a successful career due to the personality trait. Hence, organisations need to manage people based on their personality. One of the ways that can be used to access the personality of individuals is by conducting a personality test. To do so organisations can take up the Big Five model test and analyse the personalities of the individuals. Reference Beck, A. T., Davis, D. D., Freeman, A. (Eds.). (2015).Cognitive therapy of personality disorders. Guilford Publications. Buss, A. H., Plomin, R. (2014).Temperament (PLE: Emotion): Early developing personality traits(Vol. 3). Psychology Press. Cervone, D., Pervin, L. A. (2015).Personality, binder ready version: theory and research. John Wiley Sons. Clark, L. A., Vanderbleek, E. (2016). Schedule for nonadaptive and adaptive personality.Encyclopedia of Personality and Individual Differences, 1-4. Cleckley, H. M. (2016).The Mask Of Sanity: An Attempt To Clarify Some Issues About the So-Called Psychopathic Personality 3rd Edition. Pickle Partners Publishing. Coccia, M. (2014). Structure and organisational behaviour of public research institutions under unstable growth of human resources.International Journal of Services Technology and Management,20(4-6), 251-266. Pervin, L. A. (Ed.). (2015).Goal concepts in personality and social psychology. Psychology Press. Revelle, W. R. (2017). psych: Procedures for personality and psychological research. Robbins, S. P. (2017).Organizational Behavior, 13/E. Pearson Education Robbins, S. P., Judge, T., Campbell, T. T. (2014).Organizational behaviour. Financial Times Prentice Hall. Robbins, S., Millett, B., Waters-Marsh, T. (2014). Organisational behaviour. Wood, J. M., Zeffane, R. M., Fromholtz, M., Wiesner, R., Morrison, R., Factor, A., ... Osborn, R. N. (2016).Organisational behaviour: Core concepts and applications. John Wiley Sons Australia, Ltd..

Corporate Finance Strategy Written Coursework Assignment Essay Example

Corporate Finance Strategy Written Coursework Assignment Essay Corporate Finance Strategy Written Coursework Assignment Name: Lecturer: Institution: We will write a custom essay sample on Corporate Finance Strategy Written Coursework Assignment specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Corporate Finance Strategy Written Coursework Assignment specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Corporate Finance Strategy Written Coursework Assignment specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Course: Date: Corporate Finance Strategy Written Coursework Assignment Introduction This paper serves to present a learning activity for interested parties interested in understanding Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), two other common capital budgeting techniques and weighted average cost of capital (WACC). The paper also endeavors to prepare numerical examples relating to capital budgeting techniques. This task will be facilitated by a sample project will all related considerations. The paper also offers criticism over wrong assumptions given for cash flows. In this regard, many people consider them as funds made available for the firm. It also studies, modifies and criticizes the IRR method of adjusting B/CR as a means of making them coincide with the ranking of NPV. NPV, IRR AND WACC For a significant period, Internal Rate of Return (IRR) and Net Present Value (NPV) have evolved to overwhelming decision and choice makers used in the measurement of the financial benefits of investment opportunities. Both are implemented in the evaluation of alternatives from a variety of circumstances (KE?A PANTI 2012, P. 42). From real estate and equipment acquisitions to company purchases to intellectual party valuation, and the introduction of new products to factory close down decisions. NPV reduces or discounts forecasted cash inflows at a rate in reflection of three factors: investors desire to withhold cash for a better opportunity, expected inflation, and the risk of the investment. If the total of the forecasted cash inflows exceeds the required funding cash, then the NVP exhibits as a positive meaning the project is financially stable. It is capable of adding value to the firm or investor. IRR can be referred to as the percentage return rate that ultimately causes the total of forecasted cash inflows to equal the cash outflow. If the IRR happens to be greater than the return rate that fits the investors, then the investment becomes financially stable. Many studies suggest that both methods are used in their respective but IRR has a higher preference because it bears an intuitive appeal (PSUNDER 2002, p. 35). Regardless of the popularity these two methods exhibit, neither the IRR nor the NPV method has been designed to have an effective treatment on the vast problems associated with investments, especially periodic cashflows generate between purchase period and sale period. The modified IRR is capable of accounting for cashflows of this nature. Given the vast implementation of the IRR and NPV methods in worldwide companies, it is therefore crucial to appreciate their value, as well as their limitations. It is also fundamental to explain extensively the meaning of the Internal Rate of Return to correct the incorrect conception it is given and its misuse. Spreadsheet programs of the current technological setting- such as MS- Excel- have been programmed to calculate IRR (KE?A PANTI 2012, P. 58). However, these programs have not been designed with capabilities of dealing with cash flows involved. This article will in this regard endeavor to explain the problems associated with both the IRR and NPV. Both IRR and NPV have a common problem. To prove this, an example has been provided that demonstrates the correct use of IRR and NPV. A restaurateur is pondering the action of purchasing a piece of art that retails at $50,000. He has a plan resell the piece of art after a period of five years and thereby replace it with another. His experience informs that he will make double profit if he sells the piece of art five years later since the art will have a 14.87% IRR. If the restaurateur’s capital cost is ten percent and use this value as rate of discount, then his NPV amounts to $12,092. If the capital cost is doubled to twenty percent, then there is a possibility of losing an economic value of $9,812. Both the IRR and NPV give a clear and accurate description of the potential results the investment can give. It is notable that the example above is lacking in free cash flow periodic and dividends present in common investments. Cash flows from these kinds of investments are presumably invested in ventures with a view of earning returns. However, the main issue rises from the most suitable rate of return. Technically, both NPV and IRR are not answerable on this issue. The reinvestment rate of the NPV can in this case be taken as the rate of discount used. From another perspective, the rate of discount is taken to determine the rate of reinvestment. In the case of the restaurateur, $50,000 represents the alternative opportunity that provides a ten percent return per year and will therefore yield $80,525.50. When this yield is deducted from the $100,000 made from the art sale, it amounts to $19,475. When this amount is discounted back for a period of five years, the result is an NPV of $12,092; the same amount is that calculated using the capital cost of ten percent. Regarding the weighted average cost capital (WACC), this serves as a measurement of a firm’s capital structure. It forms part of the formula that calculates the expected new cost capital and acts as a representation of the rate of finance a company expects to pay for its assets. WACC is calculated by putting into consideration the relative weight of each capital structure component of the company. The calculation puts into use the market values represented by the components instead of their book values. The result offers significant difference. Components to this calculation may include debt (exchangeable, convertible, and straight), equity (both preferred and common), options, warrants, pension, stock options, and liabilities. More financing sources may also be used in the calculation if they are available and in significant amounts. Calculating the WACC for a company with a complex capital structure may prove to be a daunting task. Capital Budgeting Techniques Other than the NPV and IRR, there exist other capital budgeting techniques. Among them, include the payback technique and the annual rate of return method. The payback method is a measurement of the time length a company requires to recover its initial cash investment (WILKES 2002, p. 23). The calculation involves dividing the capital investment with the total cash flow of the year. Consider an example where a company is considering buying equipment worth $150,000. The equipment has a salvage value of $5000 after exhausting five years of service. The annual cash inflow is estimated at $250,000 and cash outflows at $200,000. For the scenario above, the cash payback period amounts to three years. This figure is calculated by dividing the capital investment of $150,000 by the net annual cashflows of $50,000 ($250,000 cash inflows -200,000 cash outflows). $150,000/$50,000 = 3years. YEAREXPECTED NET CASH FLOWSCUMULATIVE NET CASH FLOWS0$(150,000)$(150,000)130,000(120,000)250,000(70,000)355,000(15,000)460,00045,000560,000105,000 The other capital budgeting technique is referred to as the annual rate of return method. This principle uses accrual based net income when calculating the expected profitability of a project. The annual rate of return is thereafter compared to the required rate of return of the company. If the value of the annual rate of return is higher than that of the required rate of return, then the project is beneficial (WILKES 2002, p. 29). Assume the above example where the same company expects an annual net $5,572 net income with a salvage value of $5,000 and investment of $150,000. Then, the proposed project bears an annual rate of 7.2%. This value was achieved by dividing $5,572 net income with $77,500 average investment. Dividend Policies set by Major US Firms The primary budgeting technique used by major US firms lies behind four key principles. Take, for example, Diageo Company. Zindar (2002, p. 32) points out that the company’s capital budgeting technique starts with a mission statement. This confirms the business of the company, the interests of the shareholders and the governing rules. The other consideration of setting the dividend policy is through a strategic plan. This plan highlights the strategic vision of the company, the company’s growth, finance, and how it plans to achieve its. The third consideration is the liquidity assessment. Diageo Company endeavors to make a periodic assessment of the liquidity needs entitled to various shareholder groups. This consideration is achieved through group meeting, interviews, and questionnaires. The fourth and final consideration used for setting dividend policies by Diageo Company and other leading US firms is through liquidity programs. The liquidity program primarily attend s to the three considerations mentioned above (RAMACHANDRAN, PACKKIRISAMY RAMACHANDRAN 2010, p. 18). This consideration encourages the annual stock redemption program that allows shareholders to engage in periodic sale of their stock. Conclusion This paper has given an informative review of four primary methods of capital budgeting techniques. The informative review highlighted the situations where the techniques are applied, and limitations were found especially in the payback method and the annual rate of return method. The NPV and IRR methods were found to be most suitable judging by their extensive application on a number of fields. The paper also gave an insight on the dividend policies implemented by key Firms in the United States and focused on Diageo Company. This endeavor yielded four major considerations used to determine dividend policies. Reference KE?A, L., KEA, N., PANTI, D. (2012). Net Present Value and Internal Rate of Return as Indicators for Assessment of Cost-Efficiency of Poplar Plantations: A Serbian Case Study. International Forestry Review. 14, 145-156. LAW, M. A. (2004). Using net present value as a decision-making tool. Air Medical Journal. PSUNDER, I. (2002). Internal rate of return method in project evaluation. Proceedings. 429-435. RAMACHANDRAN, A., PACKKIRISAMY, V., RAMACHANDRAN, A. (2010). The impact of firm size on dividend behaviour: a study with reference to corporate firms across industries the US. Managing Global Transitions. 8, 49-78. WILKES, F. M. (2007). Capital budgeting techniques. London, Wiley. ZINDAR, G. (2002). Dividend Policy – Diageo plc. Prepared Foods. 171, 23.

Chinese Customs for Meeting New People

Chinese Customs for Meeting New People When it comes to making friends or meeting new clients, knowing the proper Chinese customs will help you make the best first impression possible. Tips for Meeting New People 1. Learning a little Chinese goes a long way. While it’s not necessary to master Chinese, learning to say a few phrases will help break the ice. Say ‘Hello’ on the telephone in ChineseSay Hello in Chinese.Say ‘How Are You?’ in ChineseSay â€Å"My Name is ___† in Chinese 2. While the Chinese prefer to bow at the waist for formal ceremonies and special events, a handshake and hello are becoming more and more popular. Always stand when being introduced and remain standing until introductions have been completed. You are expected to shake hands with everyone even if the delegation is rather large. 3. Immediately upon introduction, present your name card. Use two hands to present the business card to the person you are meeting. You name should be facing the person you are greeting. Most Chinese and foreign business people have bilingual business cards with Chinese on one side and English on the other. You should present the side of your card that is in the person’s native language. Be sure to give everyone in the room your business card so be sure to have plenty of hand at all times. 4. Once you receive your new acquaintance’s business card, do not write on it or shove it in your pocket. Take a minute to read it and look it over. This is a sign of respect. If you are seated at a table, place the name card in front of you on the table. If you are standing and will remain standing, you may place the card in a cardholder or discreetly in a breast or jacket pocket. 5. Remember that Chinese names are in reverse order of English names. The last name appears first. Until you become close business partners, address a person by their full name rather than their first name, by their title (for example, Managing Director Wang), or Mr./Ms. followed by the person’s surname. Learn More About Chinese Etiquette Chinese Banquet and Dining EtiquetteChinese Business EtiquetteEtiquette for Visiting a Chinese Home

Race Relations (Black and White) on the Homefront during World WarII Research Paper

Race Relations (Black and White) on the Homefront during World WarII - Research Paper Example Race, racism and race relations have thus been a complicated issue in the history of the United States. This is drawn from the strange institution that slavery created all the way into the civil rights movement in the 1960s. Even during the time America was supposed to be joined as one, in the World War 2, these scarred relations still popped their head, not only abroad on the battle fields but also back home at the home front (Parsons, & O’Brien, 9). One significant factor during the Second World War on the Home front was the Fair Employment Practices (FEPC) implemented in the United States by the US Executive Order number 8802. This required companies with contracts from the government not to discriminate on the basis of religion or race. It was a move intended to help Mostly African Americans, but other minorities to obtain jobs in the home front industry. It was signed by President Roosevelt and stated that there was not supposed to be discrimination in the employment of w orkers in the government or the defense industry based on their race, or creed or color, or the nation from which they draw their ancestry. This order led to numerous strikes and challenges from irate white workers who so it as an infringement on their rights (Garfinkel, 37). African Americans It was later greatly enhanced by another order. Considered one of the most significant breakthroughs for Blacks and women on the job front, it also facilitated great industry in the country at the home front during the war. It was about the same time that the African American Community established the Double V Campaign. It was a campaign based not only on the war on fascism overseas during the war, but also on racism too at home. There was a large number of mostly poor Southerners who moved to munitions centers for the recruitment process. The tension that was at these centers was very high. Cities like Detroit, Chicago and Harlem were mostly the focal points of this tension. In 1943, they exp erienced very violent race riots. It was at this time that the Pittsburgh Courier came up with the Double V Campaign (Wynn, 60). The gist of the problem back home was mostly based on the complaints by the soldiers at war overseas that they were being treated as second class citizens even during wartime. The Detroit Race riots that broke out in Detroit, Michigan in 1943 took about three days before troops could return order. It was majorly a riot between blacks and whites and caused a lot of destruction. During around this time, the World War II was still on, and tension between blacks and whites in this city had escalated to very high levels. It is ironical that at such times, patriotism is usually said to be at the highest of levels. Since the war began, the populations of the city had gradually grown as a result of the booming defense industries intended to supply the resources for the war at the home front. A lot of African Americans arrived, mostly from the South (Capeci, & Wilk erson, 47). The riots were started by an innocent fight between a black man and a white man. It became a brawl that involved several groups of black men and white men that spilled over to the rest of the city. This confrontation started from a rumor that a black woman had been assaulted by a white man, whereas there was another rumor that stated it was a white woman who had been raped and killed by a black man. Either

Knowledge Has the Power to Change Things Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Knowledge Has the Power to Change Things - Essay Example This paper illustrates that the whole economy of Hong Kong was stressed, everything was devalued, and thousands of people lost everything in a single night. The researcher was shocked. He never thought the economy had such great power; it not only made Hong Kong one of the richest cities but also was capable of destroying the city.Since then, the author has been intrigued by finance and has devoted himself to understanding the oftentimes intricate and complicated ways it functions. After recognizing the researcher’s interest in finance at this early age he has been a devoted student. In 2009, he took a gap year. During this time the author considered the potential next step in his career. The narrator traveled to a number of places, becoming more mature, self-motivated, and self-aware along the journey. He soon came to discover a renewed confidence to face any challenges or difficulties that may occur in the future. Since this time the author has approached life with a new sen se of courage and motivation. He has had a number of professional development opportunities. In 2011, the researcher took an internship in CITIC Securities (ZheJiang) Co., Ltd. Moreover, he had an incredible opportunity to work in PricewaterhouseCoopers, one of the "big four" accounting firms in the world. The experience the author received from the internship, in addition to providing him significant work-related experience, enables him to direct his academic studies in more effective and efficient ways. Ultimately, it was a wonderful chance to widen the author’s horizons and develop his teamwork abilities. The researcher has developed a plan for his life and future career. As his parent's company is preparing for an IPO, the author’s current plans are to assume the role of CFO at this organization. The researcher has read the course structure on the website and it is absolutely appropriate for his future career. The author believes he can achieve outstanding success after finishing this MSc programme. Moreover, the narrator is determined to obtain ACCA certificates after his graduation in order to be qualified in these areas. As the author will complete his BA in Accounting & Finance at the University of Exeter, it will be credited toward the fundamentals level paper of ACCA.

Changes And Force Field Analysis Management Essay

Changes And Force Field Analysis Management Essay My bank is a medium type bank. A new change was introduced during the years 1990 and 2003. The changes introduced to the bank are as followers. The first one was bottom-up-approach and the second was top-down-approach. Senior executives of the bank convinced that it was the right time to bring the change for the benefaction of the bank. Therefore, they introduced quality improvement program, which could reduce cost, by using the existing staff to improve quality and customer service. They brought consultants from abroad. Top level believed that the middle level could enlighten the bottom level employees. However, both the approaches for implementing change failed. Some employees could not accept the new change; the workload was increased and when the new ideas were introduced to the middle management level, there was no response. The senior management had failed its intensions to mobilize middle management commitment and local staff enthusiasm. Force field analysis provides an initial view of change problems that need to be tackled, by identifying forces for and against change based on an understanding of the context of change including the existing culture (Johnson et al. 2008). The distinctive feature of force-field analysis is that it involves organizing the categories in to two board types; those relating to force or pressure for change and those relating to forces or pressures supporting the status quo and resisting change. Lewin (1951) argue that, level of behaviour in any situation as the result of a force field comprising a balance of the forces pushing for change and the forces resisting change. Force Field Diagram Driver Force Restraining Force Quality Improvement Work -Load Cost Reduction Top Level Management External Environment Staffs Technology Training Consultants Recommendation Present Scenario (Hazyes, 2010:129) cccPKNBKMV There are different key drivers can found in the My bank case study. However, technology is the best key driver in the My bank case. All other key drivers related to the technology. Anderson and Tushman (YEAR) point out that technological change is cyclical. Each technology cycle begins with a technological discontinuity. Cost reduction, quality improvement, external environments connected to the technology. If technology will not change other drivers cannot Change in fast way. Different kinds of restrain factors present in the case study. The top-level management like chef executives were the main reason for the failure of the change. Other staffs did not get any support from the top level. After the change, staffs opinion was slightly rejected by the managements. This is the main reason of the failure of the change. According to Nadler (1995), four types of organisational change are there. An Organisations response change is proactive or reactive way. Tuning and adaptation can involve minor or major changes, they are types of change that occur within the same period, and they are bounded by the existing paradigm. Reorientation and re-creation, on the other hand, are types of change that, to use Gersicks analogy, target the playing field and the rules of the game rather than the way a particular game is played. They involve transforming the organisation and bending or breaking the frame to do things differently or to do different things Tuning is change that occurs when there is no immediate requirement to change. Mybank organisational change is related to this part. Mybank became convinced of the benefits of a quality improvement programme for reducing cost. This approach to change tends to be initiated internally in order to make minor adjustments to maintain alignment between the internal elements of the organisation and between the organisations strategy and external environment. Adaptation is an incremental and adaptive response to a pressing external demand for change. Reorientation involves a redefinition of the enterprise. It is initiated in anticipation of future opportunities or problems. Re-creation is a reactive change involves transforming the organisation through the fast and simultaneous change of all its basic elements. Type of Organisational Change Incremental Transformational Proactive Reactive (Nadler et al. 1995:24). Reorientation Tuning Re-creation Adaptation Answer2: Organisational Change involves complex process. Managing this kind of procedure is entirely difficult because they are dynamic. That means complex processes are changing. In these dynamic situations, it is difficult to predict the consequences of its actions. Managing a set of complex activities, each of which is crucial for the overall success of change. These complex tasks needs to be completed effectively in order to change, involves achieve a successful come. Managing change involves four complex tasks. The four tasks are as follows. They are appreciating change, mobilising support, executing change and building change capability. Leadership Appreciating Mobilising Change Support L Building Change Executing change Capability CHANGE MANAGEMENT MODEL Appreciating Change Appreciating Change can give an idea about understanding the forces of stability and change in the organisation. This requires inquiry into routines and mental models that sustain the status quo. An organisation can be changed mainly in two ways. Those are unplanned change and planned change. The Unplanned change, which typically involves changes due to new ideas, conflict between individuals, departments or teams and political and power struggles inside the organisation. Nadler (1987) argues that political behaviour tend to be more intense in times of change because individuals and groups perceive the possibility of upsetting the exiting balance power. Planned change, the change has to be planned. Mybank case study involved the planned change. The appreciation phases aims to make aware of the (a) need for change, (b) consequences of changing and not changing and (c) options that have for undertaking change in the organisation. In the case study, the organisation recognised the neces sary of the appreciating change and understood if this change will happen in the organisation, can achieve cost reduction in house; using exiting staffs to improve the quality and customer service and bank can avoid the inefficient works. The senior executives of Mybank appreciated the change and convinced the benefits of a quality improvement program. Mobilising Support Participation, involvement, and ownership are the crucial for the effective change. The organisational change is both cultural and political involves change in mindsets. This involves influencing, inducing, negotiating, persuading and winning over people to the idea of change. The effective communication strategies are crucial to change management. Getting consent and mobilising support is not an easy process. It requires persistence and patience. Strategic plan have a very important role in mobilising support. Organisational change is a political process. Pettigrew (1972) argue that some may engage in political action for ideological reasons, especially when they are fear that a change may be inconsistent with their values. According to Jick (1993), there are three categories of people who play a role in any change process. They are change strategists, change implements, and change recipients. Change strategists are the people who decide that the organisation needs change and set a direction for the change support. Mybank case managing director and senior executives are the strategists. They are in the top of the position. But strategists cant implements the change. Change implements are the people who are implementing the change by creating new structures, rules, procedures in all process. These people are the middle people of the management team. Mangers, outside consultants and accounting firm are change implementers in the Mybank Cooperation. Change recipients are the third category and people whose jobs change as a result of changes launched in the organisation. These people are usually lower level in an organisation. However, the main success in their hands. These people can make or break the effo rt. These people at the front line directly dealing with clients and customers. The main success depends upon the consent of the people in the organisation. Mybank employees, general staffs, are the change recipients. In 2003, the senior management had failed in its intentions to mobilize middle management commitment and local staffs enthusiasm. The middle management fully activated, but management follow some autocratic style and management fail to adopt the strategy. Executing Change Executing change involves creating and putting in place new structures, processes or procedures. Execution is, perhaps, the most critical aspect of change. Obviously, if an organisation has not managed the previous two tasks well, its change plan or programme will never take off. However, even if an organisation has carefully thought through its change issues and options and has gathered enough support for change, it can still fail at this critical stage. Three critical tasks for change leaders to ensure focus and energy during execution: (a) creating cross-functional linkages in the organisation; (b) aligning policies, procedures and removing structural impediments to performance and change; and (c) creating new routines for continuous improvements and innovations. According to Nilkant (Year), a successful change effort requires: (a) adequate appreciation planning, (b) sufficient support by employees, (c) competent execution by managers, and (d) Change managers with appropriate skill sets and capabilities. Mybank staffs accepted their new changes. However, it was not successful in the bank in both 1990 and 2003. In 2003, they bring a new department and try to join the other department together. The Regional Lending managers activities were not accepted by other departmental mangers. This created a big problem in the organisation. Most of the staffs did not express any interest to new executing change. This is because they were not understood the new system. Who are interested this new changes, did not get any support from their higher level. Building Change Capability A well-known model of change management views organisations as going through long periods of stability punctuated by short bursts of discontinuous change. According to Nilikant (2006), mangers or organisations can build capability in four ways. Those are firstly, individuals and groups build capability. Secondly, individuals and groups build capability when they successfully execute challenging projects. Thirdly, building capability involves paying simultaneous attention to both action and reflection. Fourth, leaders and organisations can help individuals and groups build capability by providing a context that aids action and reflection. Self-efficacy is energy and focus for the capability building. In managing change, self-efficacy is a major determinant for success. Employees with higher levels of self- efficacy can overcome obstacles and challenges that are inevitable part of any change. Efficacy is demonstrated when individuals feel secure in avoiding pseudo solutions. Mybank fai led in their both approach. The main reasons are not cooperation between the staffs and management. Who are motivated in these approaches, did not get support from their top level. Staffs got more workload in their work and staffs were lost the interest to extra works. In this way bank cannot maintain capability. Change Agent A change agent is the individual or group that helps effect strategic change in the organisation. For example, the creator of a strategy may, or may not, be the change agent. He or she may need to rely on others to take lead in effecting changes to strategy (Johnson ET .al 2008). Middle managers and consultants are the change agents in the Mybank case, because they are working together with top level and bottom level people within the organisation. Transition Phases Mod Internalization, Reaction And Learning Denial Shock Depression Consolidation Testing Letting go Acceptance of Reality Time .Answer 3: People going through change experience a variety of emotional and cognitive states. Transitions typically progress through a cycle of reasonably predictable phases .this applies to all kinds of transitions: voluntary and imposed, desirable and undesirable. Often people have little warning of changes and they experience the initial phase of a transition as a shock. Feelings of anxiety and panic can determine their ability to take in the new information, think constructively and plan. Mybank employees faced the same problem when they heard about the new change. Denial phase characterized by a retreat from the reality of change. Depression is the reality of the change becomes apparent and the individual acknowledges things cannot continue. Letting go phase involves accepting reality for what it is. It implies a clear letting go of the past. Testing is more active, creative, experimental involvement in the new situation starts to take place. Consolidation stage progress in progresses in parallel with testing but to begin with there is often more testing and rejecting than testing and consolidating. Internalization, reflection, and learning transition is complete when the changed behaviour is normal and unthinking and is the new natural order of things(Hayes, 2010:216). When a new change program implemented in the Mybank, all the staffs passed in these stages. Some of the staffs were getting struggled and other staffs overcome all the problems. The primary leadership task in change management as creating a positive behavioural context that facilitates inquiry, appreciation, and change. Change management model identifies four core tasks. First, mangers need to be cognitive tuners to appreciate change. Second, mangers need to be people catalysers to mobilise support. Third, managers need to be system architects to execute change. Fourth, managers need to be efficacy builders to build change capability. Leadership Cognitive Tuner The main core task of appreciating change requires a manger to tune into both external business environment and the internal organisational setting. The important thing of the change agent is to understand the external environment and assess the organisational capabilities to address the external changes. The change agent should expose different way. The change agent should seek knowledge in all level and awareness of own metal models and assumptions important. The change agent should recognise the assumptions, if it is necessary or not (Reference). Finally listen other people who are disagreeing with the change agent and do not feel defensive or threatened when others challenge the ideas and thinking. My bank case, cognitive tuning was not effective. The management did not listen to the bottom-level staffs opinions; as a result, employees lost their interest in the new changes. The middle level mangers fail to express their feelings into the top-level management. The way of communic ation was not sufficient between departmental mangers and change agents. People Catalyser Organisational change has an element of loss inherent in the process, and it is a loss that is often deeply felt by employees. The Kubler-Ross grief model addresses the emotional issues associated with change. The four emotional stages experienced throughout the change process may be expressed by employees in behaviours that are obstacles to the process of change. By understanding the emotions employees often encounter during change. It will be better prepared to facilitate the change process (Reference). Kubler- Ross grief stages is applicable in the Mybank case. The staffs were faced the situation in the organisation. But the final stage of the Kubler- Ross was fail in the case, commitment from the employees not good. Between the departments problems created. Kubler -Ross Grief Model Stage 1: Denial People encountering a change initiative might be saying to them, I cant believe this is happening to us. Unresolved fears about the change initiative need to be addressed during this phase. Stage 2: Resistance During this phase, people could attempt to slow down or derail the change initiative, it must be able to spot resistance when it occurs and formulate sound strategies for overcoming it. Stage 3: Exploration If people are not able to stop the changes from occurring, they begin to role of the group are specifically defined in this stage. It is important that unresolved issues that continue to surface be addressed. If trust has been created among the group, then peer influenced can be used to encourage behavioural change. Stage 4: commitment Mutual commitment is established , obstacles have been removed .and the focus is on successful implementation of the changes The change management need to catalyse people by building support, manufacturing consent and facilitating cognitive shifts in organisational members. The change agents need to be communicators, persuaders and negotiators. The change agent prepares himself before engaging the people. For influencing the people the agent can utilise all the media and forums. In decision-making time, change agent role is important. There is no chance to run away from the situations. The change should get trust and respect from others, in this way they can develop the credibility. In the case study, at a particular level, the consultants engaged the people and they fail to utilise the forums and media in the organisation. The middle levels mangers did not get the much trust and respect from the staffs. Systems Architect The change agents need to create the systems, process and routines to execute the change plan or agenda. This involves setting explicit goals, establishing cross-functional teams and monitoring progress (Nilikant). In this stage, the change agent role is very important. In the organisation, he/she should clarify individual roles and contribution. The person who selected is SMART or not. Moreover, other team leaders selection responsibility will come under the change agent. Co-ordination between other staffs will come under the change mangers control. Change mangers need to identify the organisational past practices, procedures, and polices and it should eliminate them properly. Mybank change fails in these areas. The selection of the other team leaders performance was not good. They were not SMART. If they are SMART, the change will be successful. Under the control of the middle managers, conducted meetings but fail to share the new ideas and solve current problems after the change. Efficacy Builder The mangers need to make organisational members have faith in their ability to learn, overcome obstacles and engage in change. Jim Collins argues that the effective leaders do not motivate people. They help people motivate themselves. A significant aspect of building change capability is to build a repository of organisational knowledge that captures insights from peoples tacit experiences. Building change capability is closely related to the core task of appreciating change. Store and share the knowledge is very important for a change manager. Renewal must become as important as cash flow or profit maximisation. Organisational members are aware that change mangers are observing what they say and what they do, and they may be making judgements about them and their future role. Mybank case change management selected some people for the leadership positions. However, that staffs were not successes in a particular level. Some of the departments in Mybank were not given any preference to the change mangers. This is one of the reasons to fail change implication in Mybank and plan of joining of the two departments was not success. This was due to the inefficient leadership and responsibility by the change mangers. The change ag Answe4: Recommendation Conclusion

How is sound and setting presented in The Great Gatsby, King Lear, Death of a Salesman

Fitzgerald, Shakespeare and Miller explore both setting and sound within their writing to mirror the current thoughts and feelings of the character which then allows the audience to understand and sympathise the characters. It could be argued that through the use of setting and sound, the authors dramatically present the extent to which the protagonists have ‘fallen’ mentally. Likewise, with the combination of both sound and setting, the erotic imagery stimulated presents a mirror image of the intense thoughts and emotions of the characters which then allows for the audience to attach themselves emotionally to the characters.It could be interpreted that the reason behind the authors focus on both sound and setting was to convey their own individual thoughts and feelings of the society and its morals, through the use of the characters introduced in their texts. The Great Gatsby, Fitzgerald’s modernist novel, explores certain traits that the characters carry through the use of the surrounding setting.Through the use of prosperous connotations when describing Gatsby’s ‘colossal mansion’ and ‘enormous garden’, Fitzgerald establishes the protagonist to be royal and perhaps even optimistic as the excessiveness of his parties could symbolise his elaborate plans for himself and Daisy. A magical element is conveyed when the guests ‘whisper’ among ‘the golden food’ and ‘the champagne and the stars. ’ The noun ‘golden’ further portrays Gatsby’s supremacy and could be interpreted that all his possessions are excessive in every way.The verb ‘whispering’ could be explored as the guests being extremely excited yet curious at the aspect of meeting this mysterious and powerful character, Gatsby. Similarly, Shakespeare’s tragic play King Lear, explores the aristocracy of a King through describing his palace as a place of order and elegance, ‘m y fair kingdom, no less in space, validity and pleasure’. The term ‘fair kingdom’ enforces the idea that like Gatsby, King Lear also takes pride in his possessions and wealth and it could be argued that both protagonists share the same characteristic of intense pride towards the superficial and physical items in life.As both The Great Gatsby and King Lear were written in societies where materialism controlled the citizens, the audience would have interpreted this one-dimensional attitude as traditional and in some senses valuable as it represented wealth and authority. Since The Great Gatsby was written during the domination of the American Dream, it would be fair to say that Gatsby achieved his dream in terms of his financial stability. On the other hand, many critics argued that ‘Gatsby's dream was unattainable because it didn't really exist.He was in love with a memory†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ In the same way that Gatsby was classified as not having attainted his spiritual dream of gaining the love of Daisy, ‘Willy’ in Death of a Salesman didn’t reach his American Dream financially despite his efforts. Due to both Gatsby’s and Willy’s failure in achieving the dream, it could be argued that they both share the same unsuccessful nature. On the other hand, their efforts of trying to achieve the dream could also embrace their brave nature due to their determination.All three texts present how the authors convey characteristics through the use of setting and by this, the audience are immediately welcomed to exploring the character on a personal and more individual level. In all three texts, the setting described by the authors mirrors the protagonist’s broken mind set. In Death of a Salesman, Miller portrays the character of Willy Loman as one whose mental health is fractured by his hunger to achieve the American Dream and through the use of setting; Miller heightens the building of dramatic tension as Wil ly's mental health deteriorates.From the first stage directions, it is evident that Willy is trapped both physically and mentally as he is surrounded by a, ‘†solid vault of apartment houses around the small, fragile-seeming home. † Through the use of the word ‘around’, Miller implies that Willy’s escape is highly unlikely and this increases the sympathy that the audience has for the character of Willy. It could also be interpreted that the word ‘around’ metaphorically symbolises a trap or a cage which completely dehumanises Willy as his freedom is being eliminated from him.The declarative description of ‘small, fragile’ parallels Willy’s emotional state thus creates the image of Willy being close to destruction. Furthermore, the use of the comma emphasises how much of a struggle it is for him to carry on, helping heighten his mental and physical brittleness. It could be argued that this also foreshadows the idea that if anything else triggers his emotions; his mental state will completely destruct. Ironically, Willy himself believes to be a ‘great man’ who is ‘known’ therefore this juxtaposition between ‘great’ and ‘fragile’ helps heighten the extent of his mental dysfunction.Equivalently, Fitzgerald explores Gatsby’s mental deterioration through the use of exploring the theme of loneliness, ‘trying to touch what was no longer tangible, struggling unhappily, undespairingly, towards that lost voice across the room. ’ This creates irony as the character of Gatsby is known for the extravagant events he hosts therefore physically he is always kept company. The rule of three emphasises the extremity to which he has been broken mentally as he is imagining a ‘lost voice. ’ The ‘lost voice’ could also metaphorically symbolise the idea that Gatsby has been left soulless as all that remains of him is his physically body.On the other hand, the ‘lost voice’ could also represent Gatsby’s mind telling him to give up on chasing Daisy as he is deluded in believing that he can recreate the past, hence the adjectives of ‘struggling, unhappily’. Opposed to both The Great Gatsby and Death of a Salesman, King Lear immediately informs the audience that he’s ‘not in my perfect mind’ which therefore comes as no surprise when the atmosphere is described as chaotic, ‘as though he’d burst heaven†¦ the string of life began to crack.’The onomatopoeic sounds of ‘crack’ and ‘burst’ symbolise Lear’s sanity expiring as his mind now becomes a catastrophe which Edgar refers to as ‘reason in madness’. Furthermore, the angelic imagery of ‘heaven’ contrasted with the vulgar sound of ‘burst’ creates a juxtaposition that could symbolise his sanity being on the vir tue of defeat. All three texts exploit the tragic yet honest mind-set that the characters hold and this enables the audience to empathise with those characters as to some extent their mental self-destruction could be classed as relatable.Despite all the characters being of different social status’ and backgrounds, they all have one thing in common; their insanity. This implies that regardless of your significance in society, you are the conduct of your own down fall and this is seen through the character of Lear as he became broken due to his hunger for status, Willy for his longing of being wealthy and attaining the American Dream and lastly, Gatsby for fooling himself into believing that he was able to retain Daisy’s love through a materialism approach.Many would argue that within all three texts, the weather enforced pathetic fallacy which allowed the audience to have an insight to the characters emotions and thoughts. In the Era that King Lear was written, writers and poets put a lot of emphasis on the natural world therefore it comes as no surprise when Shakespeare conveys nature as an uncontrollable elemental force consisting of ‘cataracts and hurricanes’, ‘sulphurous fire’ and ‘all-shaking thunder. ’ The sibilance in this instance has been affected by the linguistic technique of hyperbole which then emphasises the anger that Lear was feeling.A C Bradley states ‘’the storm in ‘King Lear’ coincides with the storm in the human affairs and also with the storm which is present in the heart and soul of ‘King Lear. ’’ Through the emphasis of a ‘heavy’ and ‘black wind’ storm that a ‘cub-drawn bear would couch, the lion and the belly-pinched wolf kept their fur dry’, Shakespeare portrays that this storm isn’t ordinary and could severely damage even the most powerful ‘kings of the jungle’. The dark and gothi c imagery of the storm could mirror Lear’s empty soul as his one love, his daughter, was killed.Furthermore, the storm could be interpreted as the symbol of madness within Lear’s heart and head however it could also imply his anger towards society and all those who had betrayed him. Ironically enough, towards the ending of the play, Shakespeare included more severe weather conditions in contrast to the beginning. Perhaps this indicates that now Lear is neither no longer in reign nor an ideal product of society, he has developed emotions like the rest of the citizens.On the other hand, it could be interpreted that because he has become an ordinary man, he is feeling anger towards the situation and those around him. Adverse to King Lear, The Great Gatsby doesn’t refer to weather as much however when it is mentioned, ‘there was a pink and golden billow of foamy clouds above the sea’’, it directly correlates with the mood and atmosphere of that c urrent moment. The description of ‘foamy clouds’ presents child-like and innocent imagery which could mirror how naà ¯ve his love for Daisy makes him.On the other hand, ‘foamy’ could too present unsteadiness as the structure of this gas-like substance is rather weak. Furthermore, through the use of the colour ‘pink’, Fitzgerald portrays Gatsby’s romantic lust towards Daisy and the colour ‘golden’ could convey the idea of his love towards her as being precious and is worthy of treasuring. This could be interpreted as emphasising the depth to which Gatsby’s heart is set on Daisy however at the same time, it could imply Gatsby’s high ego as he believes she should be grateful of his efforts to try and secure her heart.Conversely Miller uses the same technique of colour imagery within weather to parallel Willy’s thoughts and feelings, ‘’the surrounding area shows an angry glow of orange. â€℠¢Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ The colour ‘orange’ holds many connotations, one of which is the expression of happiness. This completely differences to the emotion of ‘anger’ which could convey Willy’s emotional volatility. Many would argue that through this contrast, Fitzgerald foreshadows the character of Willy as one who is rather unpredictable, thus his suicide could affect the audience emotionally due to its randomness.The technique of pathetic fallacy attributes human qualities and emotions to inanimate objects of nature. This helps the audience to explore the protagonist’s sincere feelings and thoughts which further establishes a more personal relationship between the audience and characters. Another literary device used to reflect feelings and emotions of the characters is each author’s use of sound, both musical and vocal. Fitzgerald and Miller focus more on the musical sounds produced by instruments whereas Shakespeare explores the technique of so und through vocals.In Death of a Salesman and King Lear, both authors present the idea that as nature evolves; people tend to forget about the tragic deaths of the protagonists which present their true feelings and thoughts of the protagonists themselves. Fitzgerald embraces the character of Nick as the narrator to explore other characters feelings such as Daisy, Wilson and Jordan Baker etc. This is presented when he states, ‘I could still hear the music and the laughter, faint and incessant, from his garden’ right after the death of Gatsby.This declarative sentence could be interpreted as a metaphor of people being the ‘music and laughter’ and as life progresses; they tend to become more ‘faint’ as they move on. It could be argued that this quote mirrors the disrespect other characters had towards Gatsby as they only used him for his glamorous parties. However due to this sound being heard in the ‘garden’ which presents nature, it could also be interpreted that mourning wasn’t very natural/common in the 1920’s thus the characters weren’t actually disrespecting Gatsby.The nature imagery combined with the ‘faint’ laughter creates a very mellow yet pleasant atmosphere as though the characters are accepting his death and positively reminisce of the past. Similarly, in Death of a Salesman, Miller presented ‘a melody heard, played upon a flute, it is small and fine, telling of grass and trees in the horizon’. Like Fitzgerald, Miller uses nature imagery of ‘grass and trees’ alongside the sound of the ‘flute’ to explore the setting being rather calming and pure.Furthermore, this is an anaphoric reference as at the end of the play Miller uses stage directions to explore ‘only the music of the flute is left on the darkening stage as over the house the hard towers of the apartment buildings rise into sharp focus. ’ The same melody of the flute could symbolize the fact that Willy is still the same failure as he was in the beginning. However, the contrast between the nature imagery and the ‘hard towers†¦apartment buildings’ could parallel Willy’s superficial nature and the idea that through the duration of the play he was only brought deeper into the American Dream.Perhaps through this quote, Miller portrays his own opinion on the American Dream and the character of Willy as being idiotic in a sense that it can only lead to destruction as the American Dream would never be achievable for anyone. In contrast to this, Shakespeare uses the technique of sound; however he explores it focusing mainly on the vocal aspect to it. King Lear is a gothic tragedy and this is shown through the tone Shakespeare enforces. The powerful language of Lear cursing alongside with the ‘loud’ and ‘demanding’ dynamics of his tone, further explores the extent of rage that he is feeling towa rds what seems to be the world.Frequently throughout the play, Shakespeare uses onomatopoeic sounds such as ‘clattering’ to further heighten the mad atmosphere as well as the emotions the protagonist is feeling. The sound of ‘clattering’ has some connotations to the game of dominoes as it would be heard when an item tips over. This sound could metaphorically mirror Lear’s deterioration both mentally as well as physically and the idea that he is aware of this cyclical cycle of negative events.It could also be argued that this sound of ‘clattering’ foreshadows how rapidly everything will clatter downhill for the King himself. As a critic stated ‘’Lear’s final cry of grief that his daughter will never breathe again, ‘’never, never, never, never, never,’’ is the bleakest line of iambic pentameter ever written. ’’ The use of sound is explored very effectively by Shakespeare, Miller and Fitzgerald as it heightens the dramatic atmosphere, foreshadows upcoming events and reconnoiters the feelings and emotions felt by both characters in the text and the authors themselves.To conclude, all three authors embrace the techniques of sound and setting to allow the audience to explore the characters feelings and thoughts which help build a relationship between the two. It could also be argued that the authors themselves portray their own individual thoughts on the society they wrote about and the characters. Both techniques also heightened the tension within texts and allowed for aesthetic pleasure for the reader. Shakespeare, Miller and Fitzgerald used setting and sound very effectively throughout their texts as it created a realistic atmosphere within their work which allowed the audience to relate to.